There are several approaches to paediatric physiotherapy, each with its benefits. These approaches include the Neurodevelopmental approach, Kinesio Tape, and Electric stimulation. This article will cover some of these approaches and a little about physiotherapy in palliative care.
Neurodevelopmental approach
Neurodevelopmental physiotherapy is a hands-on approach that focuses on problem-solving and movement. It is a treatment approach used by physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists. It was initially developed to help people with neurological impairments improve their function. The therapist can use facilitated and guided movements to properly correlate sensory input with movement.
The goals of neurodevelopmental therapy are to facilitate the child’s normal movement pattern, encourage active participation, and promote participation in society. The approach is often compared to a mirror dance, in which the therapist and the child move simultaneously into an appropriate movement dance. It also works well with children who have acquired cerebral palsy.
The Bobath concept is a problem-solving approach used in treating children with movement disturbances caused by a central nervous system lesion. The concept was developed by Berta Bobath, a physiotherapist, neuropsychiatrist, and psychiatrist. Bobath viewed children with cerebral palsy as having difficulty with postural control and moving against gravity.
Toys have been widely used by physiotherapists working with neurodevelopmentally affected children, but there is little research on their use in rehabilitation. The use of toys in therapy is not standardized, and physiotherapists must be trained in how to use toys effectively.
Kinesio Tape
Kinesio taping is a method used to improve muscle tone, decrease spasticity, and increase joint stability. It is generally applied over the target area for three to five days. During treatment, it is essential to apply the correct tension. The tape should not be too tight or loose but should have a 15 to 25 percent tension. The purpose of Kinesio taping is to aid in a child’s rehabilitation.
The benefits of Kinesio tape therapy can be seen quickly. The treatment is safe for children and can be used with minimal risk. The intervention has improved balance, agility, short-term muscle power, and functional muscle strength. It can also improve gross motor function and activities of daily living.
The tape works by pulling the upper layers of skin and creating a gap between the dermis and muscle. The space between these layers is full of nerve receptors, which transmit information from the body to the brain. When a nerve is injured, its signal is impeded, and the patient’s body cannot respond appropriately. Taping the affected area can help relieve the pain and increase mobility.
Using tape may be beneficial to children with CP. However, it’s important to remember that Kinesio tape is not a treatment for every child. It is essential to seek the advice of a paediatric physiotherapist before starting Kinesio tape treatment.
Kinesio tape is a thin waterproof cotton tape and about the same thickness as human skin. It can help reduce pain and inflammation while improving muscle tone and protecting against cramping. It is also safe and non-restrictive.
Kinesio tape can improve range of motion and reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Increasing blood flow to the affected area can also improve a child’s proprioception. Kinesio tape is also helpful in reducing excessive muscle tension, improving muscle tone, and increasing functional mobility.
Kinesio tape is a common approach used in physiotherapy clinics. While it was initially popular with athletes, it is now being used to treat neurological patients. Studies conducted by Karadag and colleagues have found that using Kinesio tape improved functional mobility in stroke patients.
Electric stimulation
The application of electrical stimulation to muscles in children can help improve range of motion and strengthen muscles. It is also helpful in improving sensory awareness and decreasing muscle spasticity. Physiotherapists can work with children to determine the best place for electrodes, the frequency of treatments, and the duration of the therapy.
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) is an effective treatment for many musculoskeletal conditions. This therapy involves delivering electrical impulses through a thin wire to target the muscles involved in the movement. The electric currents stimulate the muscles to reduce pain and improve function. The treatments usually last 20 to an hour.
In many cases, physical therapy will be needed for weeks or months, depending on the condition that has caused the problem. Paediatric physiotherapists will consult with other health care professionals like in Physio Inq to determine the best approach to treatment for the child. One of the main goals of therapy is to help the child move from a passive position to a more active state. The therapists will also educate the family on how to protect their child from future injuries.
Another approach to treatment is neurodevelopmental therapy. This approach treats children with neurological impairments and disorders. Poor strength or muscle tone can impair postural control, causing delays in motor skills and functional limitations. Physiotherapists trained in NDT use therapeutic handling and assessment methods to develop a treatment program suited to each child’s needs.